保险论坛 发表于 2019-9-11 08:38:18

经济学家告诉你:为什么滴滴不给你派最近的车?

<p style="text-align: center;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><imgdata-copyright="0" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FpmBoItic0ByiaCpicN6lrL9Ju32p0aicmljaiaWjnxG5F9VlpCFibJ0MOWxJ4dq7ZR0RWtYd3cChNOH4Tl2henU9ZnUA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng" style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-shadow: none; visibility: visible !important; width: 677px !important;width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FpmBoItic0ByiaCpicN6lrL9Ju32p0aicmljaiaWjnxG5F9VlpCFibJ0MOWxJ4dq7ZR0RWtYd3cChNOH4Tl2henU9ZnUA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"></p><sectionpowered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-right: 0em;margin-left: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><section style="margin: 10px 0em;font-size: 3px;opacity: 0.4;letter-spacing: 0px;"><section style="margin-right: 0em;margin-left: 0em;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 44.6324px;letter-spacing: 0px;"><imgsrc="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FpmBoItic0BygjaF9RyZNlyhTIklnbJKGTk03wq6q2y9KWApHBS8glSWV5v4aN5TksIibv9NYkicz4MWJV8JkQ6xjQ%2F640%3F" style="vertical-align: middle;visibility: visible !important;width: 44.6324px !important;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FpmBoItic0BygjaF9RyZNlyhTIklnbJKGTk03wq6q2y9KWApHBS8glSWV5v4aN5TksIibv9NYkicz4MWJV8JkQ6xjQ%2F640%3F"></section></section></section><sectionpowered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-right: 0em;margin-left: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="margin-right: 0em;margin-left: 0em;"><section style="margin-right: 0em;margin-left: 0em;"><sectionpowered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-right: 0em;margin-left: 0em;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" helvetica="helvetica" sans="sans" yahei="yahei" pingfang="pingfang" hiragino="hiragino" microsoft="microsoft" neue="neue" gb="gb" px="px" justify="justify" sans-serif="sans-serif" arial="arial" ui="ui" sc="sc" rgb="rgb" style="margin-right: 0em;margin-left: 0em;"><section style="margin-right: 0em;margin-left: 0em;"><section><p style="margin-right: 1em;margin-left: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="font-size: 11pt;text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-family: 宋体;caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 14px;"><em><span style="caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><em><span style="caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><strong style="font-size: 11pt;letter-spacing: 0px;"><em><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 14px;"><em><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><em><span style="caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><strong style="font-size: 11pt;letter-spacing: 0px;font-family: 宋体;"><em><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 14px;"><em><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><em><span style="caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><span style="caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="font-size: 11pt;letter-spacing: 0px;font-family: 宋体;caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-size: 14px;"><em><span style="caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><em><span style="caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);caret-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><em>时常有人会问:为什么滴滴不给我派最近的车?这要从一个久远的经济学问题说起……</em></strong></span></em></strong></em></strong></span></em></strong></em></strong></span></em></strong></span></em></strong></em></strong></span></em></strong></em></strong></em></strong></span></em></strong></em></strong></span></em></strong></em></strong></em></strong></span></em></strong></em></strong></span></em></strong></em></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 1em;margin-left: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-right: 1em;margin-left: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">文 / 巴九灵(微信公众号:吴晓波频道)</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">全局最优</span><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">与</span><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">局部</span><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">最优</span><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">有什么不同?</span></section><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">一些古典经济学家认为,追求个人利益的最大化,就能累加成群体利益的最大化。但保罗·萨缪尔森指出,这是“合成谬误”——误以为在局部成立的事,就能在全局成立。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">萨缪尔森的侄子、哈佛前校长劳伦斯·萨默斯举过一个例子:会场里一个观众站起来,他看得更清楚了,能推广到整体吗?当所有观众都站起来,那谁也看不清了,还更难受。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><section style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u449nU1DtBpIVx2BP52JQ4LYJ6CX6NxVMW3X5hB4SNbgwmB6gGxLuzFA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style="text-align: center;width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u449nU1DtBpIVx2BP52JQ4LYJ6CX6NxVMW3X5hB4SNbgwmB6gGxLuzFA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></section><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">在运筹学领域,“贪心算法”寄希望于,通过每一步选择当前的最优,从而实现结局的最优。但这样做难免有急功近利、贪小失大的问题。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">一个雪球,面对一条很陡很短的赛道和一条很缓很长的赛道,该怎么选?贪心算法会选择初期增长快的,然后早早陷入停滞。而巴菲特会说:人生就像滚雪球,重要的是发现很湿的雪和很长的坡。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4CMnp0a39nibYeCQDzOPet7sd5m4fn7anuaL2LOeL9uQjK4XBuYgbvRQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4CMnp0a39nibYeCQDzOPet7sd5m4fn7anuaL2LOeL9uQjK4XBuYgbvRQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">人们渐渐发现,全局最优没那么容易,甚至总结出了一些经典错误模型:</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0BygTF9XO6SjfAOibvR3wb7h8jkqWCyM8Diat9qefwejufOegSFfBXR9klsWDIXMqYibicBhj4sQaEibYpfA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif" style="" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0BygTF9XO6SjfAOibvR3wb7h8jkqWCyM8Diat9qefwejufOegSFfBXR9klsWDIXMqYibicBhj4sQaEibYpfA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">公地悲剧</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">一块公有草地,人人有权利使用,却无人有义务维护,结局是什么呢?每个牧羊人都会带大群的羊来吃草(局部最优)——他们知道草地承受不住,就更不愿落后于人——最后公地不复存在(全局最劣),这就是“公地悲剧”。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4xPLDUjv7bgM7ZLDXDHTXgBoOvVPtkvhM7D3GmEHpgCKG72E2tSuL7w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4xPLDUjv7bgM7ZLDXDHTXgBoOvVPtkvhM7D3GmEHpgCKG72E2tSuL7w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">公地悲剧有很多衍生情况,例如滥用抗生素:</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">“抗生素的有效性”是一块公共资源,自1928年发现青霉素以来,全人类都受益于此,但没人需要对这种有效性负责。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">于是,为了一次治病效果好,很多人大剂量使用抗生素。可是这样做的人多了,就会产生耐药性强的超级细菌,令抗生素逐渐失效。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">每年,中国生产并消耗着全球近一半的抗生素,虽然其中多半用于饲养禽畜,但这并不改变滥用催生超级细菌的事实。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u450EiaX1YApibtPSdM32fMABTOXcY4SqnRPMNSdMtTF1ibr7qUG0V7svnw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u450EiaX1YApibtPSdM32fMABTOXcY4SqnRPMNSdMtTF1ibr7qUG0V7svnw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">又如滥用形容词:</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">“形容词的有效性”也是一块公共资源,人人都用,无人管理。于是,为了一次表达效果好,很多人随意使用最高级形容。可是这样说的人多了,就会导致词义弱化,原有的形容词逐渐贬值。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">多年以前,“美女”一词表达了对女性容貌的赞美。但是逢人就喊“美女”的人越多,这个词的效力就越弱。如今,“美女”一词几乎是对任何女性的日常称谓,而赞美颜值需要“大美女”“超级大美女”“女神”等等。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">有人会说,这些词也没用了。日本人又发明了一种办法——加时间或空间限定词。先是“十年一遇的逸才”松井珠理奈,后是“千年一遇的美少女”桥本环奈,中国的鞠婧祎被他们冠以“4000年一遇的偶像”,小栗有以是“20000年一遇的美少女”,百川晴香是“300万光年一遇的美少女”……时空还在持续贬值中。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4OVJMrwSxHoscJaZLjDibpbe5xgv7j0xLvCAWzMMt9QEOLkGtmCOxA6g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4OVJMrwSxHoscJaZLjDibpbe5xgv7j0xLvCAWzMMt9QEOLkGtmCOxA6g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">拉长时间尺度,更容易看出词义的弱化。两千多年前的《左传》里,“饿”表示比饥更严重,已经无法自主进食的状态,“饿死”表示真的饿死。两千多年后的今天,下午四点就能听到“我饿啦,饿死啦!”</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">除此之外,大到全球气候、海洋资源、生物多样性,小到人行道上的空间,都面临着公地悲剧的问题。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="574" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="64" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0BygTF9XO6SjfAOibvR3wb7h8j8jhKdUCODORaD7eLeZicf8iaQzZ2glibrd8IUZuWnp4XremINBjnLXRwA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif" style="width: 574px;height: 64px;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0BygTF9XO6SjfAOibvR3wb7h8j8jhKdUCODORaD7eLeZicf8iaQzZ2glibrd8IUZuWnp4XremINBjnLXRwA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">搭便车问题</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">公地悲剧稍作变化,就成了搭便车问题:当一个公共品不付钱也能用的时候,每个人都倾向于不付钱(局部最优),但所有人都不付钱的话,就没公共品可用了(全局最劣)。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4X60PLfDvdlbBE2bLURmCHjKYIjfQLsQicPJRtdetFN7YWh0YeKvicjUQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4X60PLfDvdlbBE2bLURmCHjKYIjfQLsQicPJRtdetFN7YWh0YeKvicjUQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">搭便车问题也有很多衍生情况,例如公共防疫:</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">假如全国只有一个人没打疫苗,那他和打了疫苗一样,几乎不可能染病,但是这样的人多到一定比例,疫情就会爆发。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">不同的传染病,有不同的搭便车行为“崩塌边界”。全球疫苗免疫联盟负责人赛斯·伯克利曾说:“一旦麻疹疫苗覆盖率低于95%,将不可避免地爆发大规模传染。”</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">2000年,美国宣布消灭麻疹。2010年到2017年,美国有超过250万儿童未接种麻疹疫苗,为高收入国家之最。结果2019年上半年,麻疹疫情在美国卷土重来,染病人数创下近25年新高。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">美国卫生部官员表示:如果疫苗接种率不下降,这场疫情本来能够完全避免。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4IsWBNd7tNryYlsAKJGq2QpRbqJSPl1Gte03sKGWtmibV3ItISSWFXUg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4IsWBNd7tNryYlsAKJGq2QpRbqJSPl1Gte03sKGWtmibV3ItISSWFXUg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">又如网贷征信:</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">一群网贷公司,为了提升风控水平、降低风控成本,决定共享用户的信用和借贷记录。然而,每一家都想着,我不用认真做征信,直接用平台上别人家的数据就好……结果就是互相坑队友,集中爆雷。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4wibNk4bbza2Md9AlQPYb6fRibAvp2vKjYM9ibz04KQY9G86e9CjETDWfQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4wibNk4bbza2Md9AlQPYb6fRibAvp2vKjYM9ibz04KQY9G86e9CjETDWfQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">除此之外,大到联合国事务,小到团队作业,都少不了关于搭便车的争论。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="574" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="64" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0BygTF9XO6SjfAOibvR3wb7h8jw4w9wEbbNOjxV0TbFvPwd2E0icMcY7GPF8UR1ia53Ekh9COccKfCqMyg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif" style="width: 574px;height: 64px;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0BygTF9XO6SjfAOibvR3wb7h8jw4w9wEbbNOjxV0TbFvPwd2E0icMcY7GPF8UR1ia53Ekh9COccKfCqMyg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">囚徒困境</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">甲乙合伙作案,被警方抓获,但警方没有足够的证据指控,于是分开审讯两人。这时,甲乙的命运面临四种可能:</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><blockquotedata-url="" data-author-name="" data-content-utf8-length="71" data-source-title=""><section ><section><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">如果两人都不招供,各判1年;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲招供并检举对方,而乙沉默,则释放甲,判乙10年;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">甲沉默乙招供,则判甲10年,释放乙;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">如果甲乙都招供,各判5年。</span><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></p></section></section></blockquote><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4gnPrhRmSDB9vThicoPYKZlzvt5GVg75EI1xnunFRyRcRuc5q6d0tbeg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4gnPrhRmSDB9vThicoPYKZlzvt5GVg75EI1xnunFRyRcRuc5q6d0tbeg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">不难看出,“无论对方招不招供,自己都招”对每个囚徒来说都是最有利的选择(局部最优),而双方都这样选,就会共同落入背叛结局(全局最劣)——这就是“囚徒困境”。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">囚徒困境同样有很多衍生情况,例如企业价格战:</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><blockquotedata-url="" data-author-name="" data-content-utf8-length="77" data-source-title=""><section ><section><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲乙公司都不打价格战,则维持现状;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲打乙不打,甲会抢到更多的市场;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲不打乙打,乙会抢到更多的市场;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲乙都打,非但市场份额不变,双方的营收压力还大幅增加。</span></p></section></section></blockquote><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4qiaiaN3ia8FfvT8e66wXmpT2HyqAcQicqtBcbOACudmt1Xs5J1vDDXPQgg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4qiaiaN3ia8FfvT8e66wXmpT2HyqAcQicqtBcbOACudmt1Xs5J1vDDXPQgg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">又如国家关税战:</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><blockquotedata-url="" data-author-name="" data-content-utf8-length="102" data-source-title=""><section ><section><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲乙两国都不打关税战,好好开门做生意;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲打乙不打,甲国企业的竞争力增强;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲不打乙打,乙国企业的竞争力增强;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">甲乙都打,就是我们正在经历的事,中美两国的贸易关系受损,各国经济也受影响。(当然,我们是不得不打)</span></p></section></section></blockquote><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u45HG2icelklyNBcX1rFhzx9edA41yvChZBgo9Ktvy2y6ibm3UXriaJotsw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u45HG2icelklyNBcX1rFhzx9edA41yvChZBgo9Ktvy2y6ibm3UXriaJotsw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96);font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;">人际关系、城际发展、国际政治、生物进化……随处可见囚徒困境的案例。</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="574" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="64" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0BygTF9XO6SjfAOibvR3wb7h8jrJNe6gzlqcqWbCxfzShFfgicDchSRa2mCU7C5skNLmr9kGzicCcCebZg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif" style="width: 574px;height: 64px;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0BygTF9XO6SjfAOibvR3wb7h8jrJNe6gzlqcqWbCxfzShFfgicDchSRa2mCU7C5skNLmr9kGzicCcCebZg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">全局最优?</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">那么,全局最优是什么样呢?并不是所有场景都能实现全局最优,因为全局最优往往需要“上帝视角”和“顶层规划”。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">往大里说,气候变化协定、关税贸易协定、央行征信系统、全民防疫计划、高铁航运规划就是追求全局最优;往小里说,滴滴的车辆调配方案就是追求全局最优。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">很多人有过疑问,为什么明明附近有车,滴滴却要派一个远处的单?——为的就是全局最优。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">滴滴本质上是一个协调者、撮合者,运用大数据算法和经济学规律,在高峰期尽量让更多乘客能打到车,让低谷期司机能够有单可接。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">大数据算法意味着,让更多的人更快打到车,未必是个别用户打到最近的车,但所有人的整体等待时间缩短了。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u49YZQywuFgnPyozvyQydJHUiaLyHRg6H2wg7YiaHdu8lYic3dmuezpYutg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u49YZQywuFgnPyozvyQydJHUiaLyHRg6H2wg7YiaHdu8lYic3dmuezpYutg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">经济学规律则意味着,通过分时计价等方式,平衡、撮合供需双方,实现市场均衡。在高峰期、恶劣天气或热点区域激励更多司机出车,提升应答率,也激励用户选择拼车、优享、专车等出行方式,缓解运力不足。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4lkaHUCegGE1YZjeSxWIZQ56b7mI9FpXUUE76RqcnKldrCtZ1DkLpIA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" style=";width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FpmBoItic0Byiaibc8vRrib2LDq4qxicSnC0u4lkaHUCegGE1YZjeSxWIZQ56b7mI9FpXUUE76RqcnKldrCtZ1DkLpIA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-width="100%"></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);">互联网、大数据、人工智能,让全局最优成为可能。滴滴就是这样一个践行者,为更多用户更美好的出行而努力。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-right: 1em;margin-left: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;"><img class="__bg_gif" data-before-oversubscription-url="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0Byh3e3bibDX40Vs7AIV3H8qJeBQTsTcuDGTu004KGCvf4DTSPezRwr9SzEU9AicD9qGSl7GZq18ymiaOA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0Byh3e3bibDX40Vs7AIV3H8qJeBQTsTcuDGTu004KGCvf4DTSPezRwr9SzEU9AicD9qGSl7GZq18ymiaOA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif" style="text-align: center;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;vertical-align: middle;visibility: visible !important;width: 574px !important;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FpmBoItic0Byh3e3bibDX40Vs7AIV3H8qJeBQTsTcuDGTu004KGCvf4DTSPezRwr9SzEU9AicD9qGSl7GZq18ymiaOA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><br></p><p style="margin-right: 1em;margin-left: 1em;padding-right: 0em;padding-left: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;">本篇作者</span></strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;">|&nbsp;</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: SimSun;font-size: 12px;">猫有药师</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: SimSun;font-size: 12px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 12px;font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;"><strong>|</strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">&nbsp;</span></strong></span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: normal;">当值编辑</strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">何梦飞</span></span></span><span style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: SimSun;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 1em;margin-left: 1em;padding-right: 0em;padding-left: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1.5px;text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><strong>责任编辑</strong></span></strong><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;">&nbsp;|</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">何梦飞</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0.544px;">|&nbsp;</span></span>主编</strong>&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">郑媛眉<strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0.544px;">&nbsp;</strong><strong style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">|&nbsp;</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal;font-size: 12px;font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;"><strong>插图</strong>&nbsp;|</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">南柯一客</span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 1em;margin-left: 1em;padding-right: 0em;padding-left: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1.5px;text-align: center;"><imgdata-copyright="0" data-s="300,640" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FpmBoItic0ByiaCpicN6lrL9Ju32p0aicmljaiaWjnxG5F9VlpCFibJ0MOWxJ4dq7ZR0RWtYd3cChNOH4Tl2henU9ZnUA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng" style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-shadow: none; visibility: visible !important; width: 677px !important;width: 100%;" _src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FpmBoItic0ByiaCpicN6lrL9Ju32p0aicmljaiaWjnxG5F9VlpCFibJ0MOWxJ4dq7ZR0RWtYd3cChNOH4Tl2henU9ZnUA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"></p><p style="margin-right: 1em;margin-left: 1em;padding-right: 0em;padding-left: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1.5px;text-align: center;">仅供学习,如不妥,请联系删除</p>
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查看完整版本: 经济学家告诉你:为什么滴滴不给你派最近的车?