家族信托基金:揭开家族财富永恒传承的秘密!
<p style="text-align: center; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 27.2px; white-space: normal; widows: 1;"><img class="" data-backh="433" data-backw="654" data-before-oversubscription-url="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1556288699564&di=67c0107f3561b11dd93df592e5978871&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.dyxtw.com%2Fuploadfile%2F2015%2F0328%2F20150328011039778.jpg" data-ratio="0.6624423963133641" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2Fk0T26szGPSd38VmPjXzUJjVl4qbzfJYCLmJvrCNYZlYFTcxhkibVIF5c0boasXEPb2tkS0TSibXQMW7E9AsDbDqg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="868" style="width: 654px;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 20px;"><strong>家族信托基金</strong></span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">家族信托基金就是把家族(或家族企业)的财产设立信托基金,委托具备专业知识的专门机构或者个人(受托人)依据拟设立家族信托基金人(委托人)的指令,设立专属于家族的信托基金,进行专业的管理和运用,避免财产被分割或侵夺.,保护受益人的利益。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>家族信托,资产的所有权与收益权相分离,富人一旦把资产委托给信托公司打理,该资产的所有权就不再归他本人,但相应的收益依然根据他的意愿收取和分配。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">富人如果离婚分家产、意外死亡或被人追债,这笔钱都将独立存在,不受影响。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 20px;"><strong>家族信托基金的投资方</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 20px;"><strong>式:</strong></span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">1、直接投资模式</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">:</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">直接进行股票,股权私募,房地产和能源的投资。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">优势是可以直接控制。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">缺点是资产配置单一,风险集中。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">2、按照大学基金模式的全球,全资产配置的间接投资</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">,即基金投资:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">大多数家族基金都采用这种方式。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">大学基金模式经过市场检验能够取得长期稳定的回报。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">3、混合模式:</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">同时进行直接和间接投资,一般是资产规模较大的家族基金采用,包括上面讲过的索罗斯家族,还有比尔盖茨家族,麦克戴尔家族等。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">优势是兼顾风险和回报。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">缺点是团队的成本很高。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 27.2px; white-space: normal; widows: 1;"><img class="" data-backh="368" data-backw="654" data-before-oversubscription-url="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1556288606858&di=1d8999d200f8e31174b01e7182967a7f&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fi8.hexun.com%2F2019-04-24%2F196936445.jpg" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2Fk0T26szGPSd38VmPjXzUJjVl4qbzfJYCJjjsGLC2DricWuYGkxdiak1enaUcw7qaSULhrw4icJ1uHsmvVJW0RBDtA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 654px;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 20px;"><strong>家族信托基金的优点:</strong></span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">家族信托基金带有很强的主观性。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">通常情况下,如果设立者指定不能解散该基金,即使所有的受益人都同意,也不能解散。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">在这种情况下,无论资产所有权人的关系怎么变化,也丝毫影响不到企业的发展。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">家族信托基金除了可以保障家族企业不因分家而削弱外,在规避遗产税、保障家族成员生活、风险隔离、隐藏家族财富以及分配机制等诸多方面,都能发挥很大的作用。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">可以说,家族信托基金是富豪家族走出“富不过三代”魔咒的一种防范措施。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">根据具体国家和地区的所得税法不同,经过合理设计的家庭信托,可以减少一定的遗产税或所得税,最大程度地保留家族财富。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">信托基金是在特定法律环境下,保护资产免遭某些特定法律风险的特殊法律手段。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">另外,家族信托基金也可以很好地解决富二代是否愿意和有能力接班,以及家族事业将如何发展等诸多问题。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">家族信托基金除了保障自己的后代能过上好日子,委托人还能通过家族信托基金避免继承人因生活奢靡或不善理财而败光家产。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">例如,A富商创立了一个有大量资金的家庭信托基金,但是为了防止子女及子女的后代滥用其财富或不思进取,则可以在信托协议中规定:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">“子女及其后代只有在获得了大学学位之后且年满二十四周岁之后,才可以每年获得五十万每年的信托遗产”等。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">事实上,只要不违反法律,A富商可以通过家庭信托以任何他愿意的方式分配其财产。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">满足客户关于企业和财富多元化的传承需求</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">通常,复杂的财富传承采取的方式是立“遗嘱”,但是遗嘱继承流程繁琐,且持续性不强,不符合企业和财富多元化的传承需求。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">而家族信托能相对直接地达成目标,持续性较强,适应企业需求和财富多元化内容,能较好地应对复杂家庭因素。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><strong style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 20px;line-height: 1.6;">家族信托基金的缺点:</strong><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">任何事物都有两面性,家族信托基金的优缺点相伴相随,说完了优点我们再来说缺点,把财产交给信托机构也是有一定的局限性的,比如这个信托基金本身是不会自己钱生钱的,如果在信托章程设计上做的不够好有缺陷,或者是这个信托基金的理事会成员坑爹不负责,那么这些财富很有可能就会变成“死钱”很难钱生钱了。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">资产控制权的让渡。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">从法律上来说,家族信托一旦设立,财产委托人就已经把财产的所有权让渡出去了,因此他对这些资产就没有控制权了。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">严格来讲,对这些资产有控制权的是信托受托人,而不是财产委托人。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">当然,信托受托人也不能随心所欲的支配这些财产,他需要按照信托里规定的范围和条件去管理或者分发这些财产。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">但是,这并不是说明家族信托就能逃离法律的监管。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">家族信托作为一种全球通行的财产保护和传承法律制度,它保护的是财产所有权人的合法利益和合法诉求,如果用非法财产设立信托,一旦被查明,将可能造成信托无效。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">千万别把家族信托与不法财产和不法目的保护联系在一起。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 27.2px; white-space: normal; widows: 1;"><img class="" data-backh="441" data-backw="654" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/k0T26szGPSd38VmPjXzUJjVl4qbzfJYCiaDJ1SkOyjNzgtItmn0bJ5icHqKrZmzsDfiapibZic9dliatk3JFFIianvw5g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.675" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2Fk0T26szGPSd38VmPjXzUJjVl4qbzfJYCiaDJ1SkOyjNzgtItmn0bJ5icHqKrZmzsDfiapibZic9dliatk3JFFIianvw5g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 654px;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 20px;"><strong>家族信托的门槛:</strong></span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">家族信托门槛很高。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">以招商银行为例:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">设立家族信托至少要5000万起,而符合条件的受托人要满足1亿元以上的金融资产、5亿元以上的财富。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">此前,平安信托设立的家族信托——平安财富·鸿承世家系列,起步金额为5000万元,合同期限长达50年。</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">银保监下发的《信托部关于加强管产管理业务过渡期内信托监管工作的通知》(简称“37号文”),明确公益信托、家族信托不适用资管新规,并明确定义什么是家族信托,要点包括:</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(1)首先委托人必须是单一个人或单个家庭,传统的集合资金信托不符合家族信托定义;</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(2)其次家族信托金额或价值不低于1000万;</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(3)不得为纯自益信托,受益人必须包括委托人在内的家庭成员;</span></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><br style="list-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">(4)兼具事务管理和金融服务职能,不能仅仅为了理财,也就是家族信托可以是纯资金信托,只要加入财产规划、风险隔离、资产配置、教育、公益慈善等实务管理元素即可.</span></p>
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