夫妻离婚，人寿保险怎么分割？
<section style="max-width: 100%;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">对于以夫妻共同财产投保后，夫妻又离婚的，人寿保险如何处理？对此，现行法律并无明确规定，最高人民法院《关于人民法院审理保险纠纷案件若干问题的解释（征求意见稿）》（以下简称高法意见稿）曾有具体条文涉及，但至今未正式发布，因而各地法院的裁判标准并未得到统一。笔者试对上述保险分割问题，谈几点看法。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、人寿保险的价值确定问题</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">离婚诉讼中，以夫妻一方为被保险人的人寿保险，应如何分割？以子女为被保险人的保单又如何处理？此类问题在审判实践中争议很大。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">要解决好夫妻双方对保险权益的分割问题，最重要的问题之一是确定保险的价值。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">尽管保险合同可以认为是一种投保人对保险人享有的债权凭证，但是保险金实现的不确定性决定了其不同于有价证券和物权凭证，既不具有流通性，也不能即时转为具体的货币价值。{1}这决定了履行中的保险合同价值的确定方式具有特殊性。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">在离婚案件的审判实践中，人寿保险价值确定的标准主要有两种：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">一是所交的保费；二是保单的现金价值。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 离婚诉讼中，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">以所交保费作为人寿保险价值计算依据的优点在于简便易行</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。曾有法官主张：“在离婚时对所累计交纳的保险费都应作为夫妻共同财产分割。”</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">笔者认为，已缴纳保费不属于夫妻共同财产，不能作为保险价值确定的依据。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">支付保险费是投保人按照保险合同应履行的主要义务，是为使保险人承担保险责任而向保险人支付的费用。{2}随着保险合同的履行，保险费会转化为保险责任准备金，而未来可能实现的保险金就由保险责任准备金产生。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">因此，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">对一个履行中的保险合同来说，买保险如同消费一样，作为一种投资支出，已经发生了财产权利的转化，已经不再是现存的、确定的财产利益。投保人用于缴纳保费的资金交付给保险人之后，即丧失所有权，而转化为保险人的资产</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">因此，对保险费进行分割是不合理的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 实际上，分割保险单的现金价值才是比较科学的方法。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">现金价值又称为解约现金价值或退保价值，是指带有储蓄性质的人寿保险合同所具有的价值。人寿保险具有给付性和储蓄性的特点，保险人为了履行合同责任，通常需要提存一定数额的责任准备金，这可以看作是保险人对投保人的一种债务。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">现金价值即是保险公司在扣除退保手续费之后退还给投保人的部分责任准备金。{3}根据我国保险法的规定，只有在退保或保险合同解除而且投保人已缴纳两年以上保费时才会发生；而现金价值是可以结合保险费缴纳情况、保险期限等因素而计算出的确定数额的一种价值。因此</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">现金价值是保险合同所反映的可确定的价值，也是按照合同约定能确定的惟一衡量保险合同价值的标准，与保险合同继续履行所享有的包括保险金在内的各种预期利益无关</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">因此，对履行中的保险合同，应该分割现金价值。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、人寿保险的分割方法问题</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(61, 167, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">人寿保险合同的类型化思路。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">人寿保险合同已理赔的，因获得的保险金数额是确定的，应归被保险人或受益人所有，对此，审判实践中争议不大。笔者在此着重探讨的是履行中的保险合同的处理。夫妻双方及子女在保险合同关系中所处的地位不同，将会组合出数种合同类型。如：夫妻一方为投保人、被保险人及受益人；夫妻一方为投保人，另一方为被保险人，受益人为投保人；夫妻一方为投保人，另一方为被保险人，受益人为子女等等。实务中，并非每种合同类型的处理思路都是独特的，我们可以在分析保险合同主体在保险合同法律结构中的地位的基础上，对前述组合出的不同种类合同进行类型化处理。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">我国保险法的二次修订体现出被保险人中心主义的立法理念，有利于充分发挥保险的“社会稳定器”功能。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">被保险人利益在保险合同法律结构中居于中心位置。我国保险法第十二条规定：“被保险人是指其财产或者人身受保险合同保障，享有保险金请求权的人。投保人可以为被保险人。”在投保人非为被保险人时，保险赔偿请求权归属于被保险人。“须强调者，此赔偿请求权之归属于被保险人，并非由要投保人指定受益人所致，乃是基于保险内容在于补偿真正受损害人之结果”。{4}保险法第三十九条及第四十一条规定“人寿保险的受益人由被保险人或者投保人指定。投保人指定受益人时须经被保险人同意。”“投保人变更受益人时须经被保险人同意。”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">可见，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">保险人支付保险金所填补的是被保险人的损失而非投保人的损失，受益人受益的真正来源是被保险人的指定，其内在根源是被保险人以自己的身体或寿命为标的，成为保险合同真正的保障对象，也即保险合同的本质是为被保险人利益所订立的合同。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">{5}因此，为便于分析人寿保险的分割问题而对保险合同进行类型化时，只需着重考察夫妻双方及子女为投保人或被保险人的情形。据此，可把人寿保险合同类型化为三种，即夫妻一方既是投保人又是被保险人；夫妻一方为投保人，另一方为被保险人；夫妻一方为投保人，子女为被保险人。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">各类保单的分割方法。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(61, 167, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.投保人与被保险人同为夫妻一方的保单。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">若投保人、被保险人两者同一，均为夫妻一方，离婚并不影响保险合同的继续履行；即使受益人为另一方，投保人也可以通知保险公司进行变更。在这种情况下，有可能发生退保和保险合同继续履行两种不同的结果。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">如果夫妻双方在离婚前或者离婚诉讼中，双方达成协议并由投保人作了退保处理，那么退保获得保险费或者现金价值，按夫妻共同财产分割处理即可</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。当然，由于存在不确定的保险金，出于利益最大化的考虑，选择这种处理方式的一般会比较少，特别是在已经交足保险费的前提下。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 一般投保人会选择继续履行保险合同，如此以来，离婚之后投保人一方就会获得保险合同的利益，而另一方则有权要求获得相应的折价。根据上文的分析，履行过程中的保险合同，其价值的衡量标准为保险合同的现金价值。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">保险合同的现金价值在保险合同的分割处理中有非常重要的意义，此时的现金价值并不仅仅是保险合同所具有利益的价值体现，更是因离婚关系中处理保险合同而产生的债务的衡量标准</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。获得保险合同利益的一方，支付相应现金价值的一半数额给另一方，这意味着双方以保险合同为标的的财产分割的完结。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">现金价值虽然是保险合同在退保或解除合同时才能实现的利益，但是并不意味着给付现金价值折价的一方一定要履行退保或解除合同的行为。因为，双方因离婚产生的债务已经伴随者折价款的支付履行完毕，保险合同的继续履行与否已经与另一方毫无关系。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(61, 167, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.夫妻一方为投保人，另一方为被保险人的保单。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 在婚姻关系存续期间，夫妻一方因为保险利益的存在，可以为另一方及其子女购买保险；一旦夫妻离婚，即意味着保险利益的丧失。但是保险利益的丧失，并不代表保险合同的当然失效。根据我国保险法的立法精神，事实上只明确了投保人在订立合同时，应具有保险利益，否则合同自始无效；但是并未明确保险利益在订立合同后丧失的，保险合同是否会受到影响。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">一般认为，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">合同订立后保险利益的减少或者丧失，保险给付请求权不受影响。因为人寿保险一般都具有储蓄及投资的性质，投保人基于善意，为被保险人提供保险保障，若因为身份关系的消失而致使投保人的利益完全丧失，显然有失公平</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。{6}因此，保险利益的丧失，不影响保险合同的继续有效。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 在投保人与被投保人不同一的情况下，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">双方合意退保或继续履行保险合同均不会产生争议。双方可通过保险合同的转让来实现对保险合同利益的分割，实际也就意味着投保人的变更。对离婚的夫妻双方来说，通过转让取得保险合同的一方，理应按照双方均认可价格，支付相应的折价给对方</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。容易引发争议的问题是投保人要求退保而被保险人要求续保的情况下，保险合同效力如何？</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 争议解决方案应体现出意思自治原则及被保险人中心主义的理念。在人寿保险领域，有许多特殊类型的保险，比如生死两全保险、年金保险、分红保险等。这些类型的保险，如果离婚时进行分割处理，依据保险合同现金价值得到的折价款与保险合同应有的价值有很大的差距。因此为了尽可能维护当事人的权益，法官应秉持能动司法理念，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">告知当事人可在取得年金、分红之后或者发生保险事故并取得保险金之后，再行分割，具体分割比例应当按照婚姻关系存续期间交纳的保险费和离婚后交纳的保险费的比例来确定</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。此种处理方式较为公平，但在某些情况下缺乏效率。{7}比如年金或分红可能会按年度逐年发放，当事人每年都要提起离婚后财产纠纷诉讼，显然会产生诉累；再比如人寿保险合同的履行期限一般都很长，保险金取得的时间也必然相当漫长。因此，如果当事人不同意如此处理，要求离婚时即作分割的，那只能以现金价值为基础进行分割处理，因此造成的预期利益的损失，由当事人自行负担。但被保险人要求续缴保费，维持合同效力的，应得到支持。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">有学者也认为，在特定情形下，受益人可代投保人缴付保险费，从而维持保险合同的效力。{8}</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">法院可在夫妻间裁判变更投保人，获得保险合同利益的一方，支付相应现金价值的一半数额给另一方</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 上述方案引发的一个问题是：</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">保险公司是否应参与诉讼？</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">笔者认为，仅就该方案中涉及的投保人变更而言，没有必要追加保险公司参加诉讼。理由如下：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">第一，保险公司利益基本不受影响</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。投保人和保险人之间并不存在特殊的人身信赖关系，投保人的义务主要是交付保险费。保险合同的成立或变更可通过特殊途经实现。在被保险人同意续交保险费的情况下，“向保险人表达了愿意成为投保人的意思表示即可，无需保险公司的同意。”{9}</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">第二，保险公司应诉积极性不高</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。上海某区法院经大致统计，2009年前三季度道路交通损害赔偿案件保险公司到庭应诉率不足五成。如此低的应诉率，即使追加为当事人，也无大的实效。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">第三，有助于减少讼累。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">离婚诉讼中，房屋按揭贷款主贷人的变更同样涉及作为贷款合同相对方的银行。审判实务中，在变更主贷人时，也极少通知银行参加诉讼，从多年实践来看，此种做法提高了诉讼效率，减少了诉讼成本，却并未出现什么大的问题。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(61, 167, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 3.夫妻一方为投保人，子女为被保险人的保单。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 因人寿保险具有储蓄性，如属于用夫妻共同财产为子女购买的，可退保分割现金价值。容易引发争议的是</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">不退保的情况下，保单如何处理？</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">可分为两种情况讨论：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">一是死亡保险；二是生存保险。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">属于人寿保险中的死亡保险的，即子女死亡后，受益人可以获得保险赔偿金的一种保险。离婚诉讼中，获得子女抚养权的一方对子女负有直接抚养、教育的义务，而另一方仅享有抽象的监护权，主要负有支付抚养费的义务及享有探视权。从保险利益角度，对于不退保的保单，可以由获得子女抚养权的一方将保单现金价值的50%补偿给原配偶，将受益人变更为直接抚养子女的一方。高法意见稿第四十五条的规定即体现了类似的思路。{10}属于人寿保险中的生存保险的，即子女存活到一定的年数，子女将获得一定数额的保险金。当生存保险金受益人是被保险人即子女本人时，保险合同效力如何？应如何变更、履行、解除？高法意见稿第四十四条规定：“保险合同以子女为受益人的，夫妻离婚后，作为投保的一方提出解除合同，对方提出继续交纳保险费维持合同效力的要求，人民法院应予支持。”上海某法院曾在一起离婚纠纷上诉案件的判决中认为：“夫妻关系存续期间，一方为子女购买的保险，应当视为夫妻双方合意决定对于子女的赠与，不应当作为夫妻共同财产予以分割。”{11}高法意见稿及上海某法院的观点均体现了被保险人中心主义的理念及优先保护未成年人利益原则，值得肯定。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">但笔者认为，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">一方为子女购买的保险，可以认定为赠与，但不应当一概否定作为夫妻共同财产予以分割的可能性</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。若双方合意解除保险合同的，应允许。同时，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">还应明确确立一种规则，即对于子女为被保险人的生存保险，需父母双方共同作为法定代理人提出申请方可解除保险合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">。保险关系各方均应受该规则约束，尤其在夫妻双方离婚的情况下，应更有力保护未成年人利益。此规则给保险公司经营带来的影响是，其在投保人要求解除合同时，对未成年人的监护人事项负有合理的审查义务。此种审查义务保险公司是可以承受的，这至少在房屋登记实践能得到初步论证。处分未成年人名下的房地产时，房屋产权登记部门对未成年人的监护人事项也负有审查义务。多年的房屋登记实践表明，此种审查义务是合理的，能够平衡各方利益。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、投保人的监护人能否行使保险合同解除权的问题</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">前文讨论的一个假设前提是投保人具有完全民事行为能力，在人寿保险的分割问题上，投保人可以自主决定采取继续履行及解除合同等处理方式。离婚案件中，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">当事人具有完全民事行为能力是普遍情况，但不能忽视的一个问题是：当无民事行为能力人作为离婚案件的当事人参与诉讼的，无民事行为能力人的监护人是否有权解除无民事行为能力人为投保人的保险合同？</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">笔者认为，投保人的监护人享有受限制的保险合同解除权。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 投保人主要权利义务包括法定解除权和缴纳保费义务等。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">法律赋予投保人以法定解除权的目的在于保护投保人利益。监护人在保护、管理财产的过程中，有权进行必要的经营行为和处分行为时，自然有权为被监护人利益行使保险合同解除权，只不过应尽善良管理人之注意义务。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">人身性是人寿保险合同区别于财产保险合同的显著特征之一，从合同成立之时起就存在。现代保险业的发展趋势是保险品种创新过程中日益注重理财功能。保险立法、司法、经营活动都要适应保险客户对保险合同保障与理财功能的需要。保险理财功能的实现要求投保人的权利能够完整，也要求在投保人成为无民事行为能力人后，其监护人能够行使完整的投保人权利。此种要求的正当性在于投保人的监护人的监护权受法律保护，不能任意剥夺或减损。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 由于投保人的权利和被保险人的权利在某些情况下可能发生矛盾和冲突，投保人法定解除权存在侵害被保险人利益的可能。解除合同将使被保险人的期待利益落空，有可能打乱了其对生活的安排。因此，有必要对投保人法定解除权的行使作出限制。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">法定解除权的行使能使投保人获得现金价值，但这并不能说明法定解除权等同于任意支配的财产权。因为投保人为被保险人投保，必然基于自身特有的考量，法律虽不去探知投保人的投保动机，但应该保护投保人的投保行为，因此在投保人丧失民事行为能力的情况下，应该推定投保人设定保险合同的意志保持不变。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">{12}投保人的监护人要求解除保险合同的，应征得被保险人的同意，否则其解除行为不发生法律效力。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">注释：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">{1}林刚：“人民法院强制退保以执行投保人债务之我见”，载《上海保险》2009年第1期。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {2}许崇苗、李利：《中国保险法原理与适用》，法律出版社2006年4月版，第237页。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {3}左稚华：“人身保险保险单现金价值权属问题研究”，载《广东金融学院学报》2007年第4期。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {4}江朝国：《保险法基础理论》，中国政法大学出版社2001年版，第125页。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {5}王西刚：“人身保险合同投保人法定解除权研究”，载《兰州学刊》2007年第4期。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {6}周玉华：《保险合同与保险索赔理赔》，人民法院出版社2001年5月版，第63页、第64页。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {7}刘金涛、李强文：“人身保险利益在离婚案件中的处理探究”，载http：//www.chinacourt.org/public/detail. php？id=184189。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {8}叶名怡、张伟：“离婚案件中三类特殊共有财产分割探析”，载《法学杂志》2009年第11期，第61页。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {9}王静：“投保人死亡后保险合同的效力”，载《人民司法·案例》2008年第6期。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {10}最高人民法院《关于人民法院审理保险纠纷案件若干问题的解释（征求意见稿）》第45条规定：“人民法院对于以夫妻共同财产投保后，夫妻又离婚的，应当按照以下情况处理涉及保险的纠纷：（一）一方为投保人并以自己或其亲属为受益人的，应当给予对方相当于保险单现金价值的一半的补偿。”<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {11}上海高级人民法院民一庭编：《上海法院民事常用案例》（内部资料），第27页。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> {12}王西刚：“人身保险合同投保人法定解除权研究”，载《兰州学刊》2007年第4期。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 27.2px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.05776173285198556" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="554" width="auto" src="https://lymx.com.cn/source/plugin/csdn123_news/display_picture.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz%2FFnfCiazXXbcgTU8OpC4fplMwzxxL0wzAYkRaCfND0DWRZevZwm1mWIRrX3hTica7qUD2qpM5LQ0U8ymvV3r6SPWg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng" style="line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 588px !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: normal;text-align: left;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">来源 | 人民司法·应用</span></p>
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